Conjugation in Luanica

Luanica Verb conjugation is rather complex as the language consists of four moods, seven aspects and fourteen tenses.

when added to the languages eleven persons, it means that each verb has the potential for 3,920 differnet forms.

However there are signifigantly fewer forms for verbs as there is no one to one correlation between any fo the parameters and many verbs only conjugate in certain forms.

Person
Person in Luanica is indicated by affixing a specific nasal suffix to a verb:
 * -n ("i")
 * -ng ("you" singular)

Second Person Plural
Luanica marks a distinction between a dual or reciprocal "you" (-onga) and an all inclusive "you" (-ongon)

Dual
From the verb Vafuã  ("to see")
 * Vafonga.
 * You both see.
 * You see each other

Total
Again from Vafuã 
 * Vafongon. 
 * You all see.

Third Person Singular
The language, in this person, makes a distinction between animate things (-m) and inanimate things (-mg). Thus, for the verb Bedhuã ("to stand"):
 * Bedhuam Cara. ("Sara stands.")
 * Bedhuam Nik. ("Nick stands.")
 * Bedhuam tiula fa. ("The cat stands.")
 * Bedhuamg lara fa. ("The house stands.")

Third Person Plural
The third person plural retains the distinction between mostly or entirly male groups (-mgi), entirly feminine groups (-mgo) and groups of inanimate objects (-mga):
 * Tuamgi tuibion. ("These are men.")
 * Tuamgi tuibã'n. ("These are people.")
 * Tuamgo uavion. ("These are women.")
 * Tuamga larã'n. ("These are houses.")

Usage of "We"
A distiction is made in the first person plural between the "dual we" (-no) an "inclusive we" (-non) and an "exclusive we" (-nõ) ====Dual We ==== Filuã ("to love") ====Inclusive/Exclusive We ==== <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Katuã ("to eat")
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Filuano. 
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">We both love.
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">We love each other.
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Katuanon. 
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">We all eat.
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">You and I eat.
 * Katuan<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">õ. 
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">We (not you) eat.
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">He/She/They and I eat.

Mood
Luanica has four moods, most of which are expressed across all tenses with a few exceptions. The four moods are: The moods are generally demonstrated with an inflex between the stem and the root:
 * Indicative
 * Interrogative
 * Subjunctive
 * Conditional
 * -none- (indicative)
 * -adhu- (interrogative)
 * -utathi- (Subjunctive)
 * -ama- (conditional)

Aspect
The Language also has a set of ten aspects whose usage varies across tense: The aspects are given by means of a prefix:
 * Perfective
 * Imperfective
 * Continual
 * Progressive
 * Habitual
 * Prospective
 * Defective


 * Fi- (perfective)


 * None- (imperfective)


 * Kiu- (continual)


 * Ngo- (progressive)


 * Uasu- (habitually)


 * Xa- (prospective)


 * Ka- (defective)

Tense
There are fourteen tenses in this language which are applied to the base root as inflexes between the aspect marker and the verb root. There is no tense marker for present tense and the other tenses are often divided into three groups for the sake of simplicity.

Example verb: Daku<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ã ("to know"
 * <span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Kiudakuan. (I know)

Past tenses
There are five past tenses that divide into specific intervals:
 * 1) Immediate Past (No-)
 * 2) Finodakuan. I just found out.
 * 3) Hordinal Past (Iu-)
 * 4) Fiudakuan. I found out earlier.
 * 5) Matutinal Past (Dhiu-)
 * 6) Fidhiudakuan. I found out this morning.
 * 7) Prehordinal Past (Iuci-)
 * 8) Filucidakuan. I found out yesterday.
 * 9) Hesternal Past (Man-)
 * 10) Fimandakuan. I learned (sometime before yesterday).

Future tenses
There are five future tenses which divide along similar parameters to the Past tenses:
 * 1) Immediate Future (La-)
 * 2) Ladakuan. I will find out soon.
 * 3) Hordinal Future (Tir-)
 * 4) Tirdakuan. I'll find out later.
 * 5) Vespertine Future (Noka-)
 * 6) Nokadakuan. I'll find out this evening.
 * 7) Posthordinal Future (Mor-)
 * 8) Mordakuan. I'll find out tomorrow.
 * 9) Crastinal Future (Al-)
 * 10) Aldakutathiuan. I'll find out eventually.

Removed tenses.
The removed tenses refer to times that are either unknown or so far removed from the speaker as to be deemed unimportant. There are three such tense:
 * 1) Remote Future (Um-)
 * 2) Umdakamauan. I'll probably know eventually.
 * 3) Remote Past (Thi-)
 * 4) Kiuthidakuan. I've known for a while.

Ancestral Past (Ako-)
The Ancestral past is only used for telling stories or talking about ancient information. Therefore, it is usually common to speak in the third person or passive voice.

Ex: Kiuakodakamau<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ã. (It has likely always been known.)

Verb strings
Verbs are connected into things called verb strings as all the particles have to be tied together in a chain. the pattaren for any inflected verb is:

INDIRECT OBJECT + DIRECT OBJECT + ASPECT + TENSE + VERB STEM + MOOD + VERB ROOT + PERSON

Therefore many sentences are one word trailed by modifiers:

"Yesterday, did you go to the store with him?"

The verb here, translates to something like "Yesterday, did you go to it for him" sith "store" given as the direct object at the beginning and "with" given as the preposition at the end.
 * ["Store"] ["him"+"it"+PERFECTIVE ASPECT+PREHORDINAL PAST TENSE+"go"+INTERROGATIVE MOOD+"I"] ["with]
 * Tarxi momgifiucicedadhuang dhix.